Ghada S.mohammed, Riyam M.Alsammarraie and Elaf Mohammed Abd (2025) “Empowering Intelligent Systems: A Comprehensive Review of Modern Optimization Techniques and Real-World Applications”, Journal of Madenat Alelem University College, 17(1), pp. 38-64. Available at: http://116.203.176.164/index.php/JMAUC/article/view/544 (Accessed: 3July2025).