Journal of Madenat Alelem University College

Application of value engineering technique and its reflection on cost leadership strategy

mohanad mohammed duhan Al-Qaisi, Thaer Sabry Mahmoud Al-Ghaban — Mon, 16 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The research aims to achieve cost leadership in acid battery production according to the principles of reducing costs, increasing product quality, preserving the environment, and achieving a sustainable competitive advantage by using the information content of value engineering technology. This will help solve the research problem of the high costs of liquid acid batteries produced by the General Company for Automotive and Equipment Manufacturing - Battery Factory - Babylon 2 Factory, in addition to the increase in environmental pollutants that affect the health of workers as a result of failing to keep pace with rapid developments and not utilizing cost management techniques and modern manufacturing methods. This has led to the inability to compete in the market. Value engineering technology utilizes several methods, such as replacing non-environmentally friendly materials with environmentally friendly alternatives at a lower cost and recycling used batteries, in addition to working on increasing product quality. In order to achieve the research goal, the research population was chosen, represented by the General Company for Automotive and Equipment Manufacturing (Battery Factory), and Babylon 2 Factory was chosen as a sample for the research to apply the research variables to.

The impact of applying target costing technology and intelligent transportation systems on transportation costs

Zahraa Sabah Katea Al- Fadhli, Fayza Ibrahim Mahmoud Al-Ghabban — Mon, 16 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0200

This research aims to demonstrate the significant role played by target costing technology as a technique compatible with modern technological developments, and intelligent transportation systems as a revolutionary force in the rapidly expanding contemporary transportation environment. Intelligent transportation systems combine advanced technology, data analysis, and communication systems aimed at enhancing the efficiency and safety of transportation networks. The target costing technique impacts the external environment by providing accurate information and a scientific basis for determining indirect costs, precisely measuring costs from the initial project planning stages through implementation and highlighting their impact on transportation costs. This technology also supports informed decision-making in the face of intense competition and multiple alternatives.

Cherophobia among students at the City of Science University College

Majid Farhan Maded — Mon, 16 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The current research aims to identify the presence of cherophobia among students at Madenat Al-Elelm University College and examin gender- based differences in its levels (male vs .female ) . to achieve these objectives, the researcher developed a cherophobia scale based on a theoretical framework. The scale consisted of (20) items. It was administered to a randomly selected sample of (300) male and female students from the college.

The results indicated that college students either do not suffer from cherophobia or experience it at a very low level, there were statistically significant gender differences in cherophobia levels , with males exhibiting higher levels than females.

Synthesis and Characterization of Bi2O3: Sb Nanostructured Thin Films Prepared by Chemical Spray Pyrolysis Method

Mohammed I. Karim, Ziad T. Khodair, Asaad A. Kamil — Mon, 16 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0200

In the present work, thin films of undoped bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) and bismuth oxide doped with antimony ( Bi2O3: Sb) were deposited on glass substrates by using the chemical spray pyrolysis process. We prepared the films with various weight percentages of antimony (0, 3, 5, 7, and 9 wt%). Throughout the experiment, the substrate was maintained at a consistent temperature of 380°C for the deposition operation. The goal of this study is to investigate the effects of antimony doping on the structural and optical characteristics of the Bi2O3 film. We studied the structural and optical properties of the prepared thin films using x-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS). The X-ray diffraction results showed that the prepared films were polycrystalline with a tetragonal structure. Thin films of Sb doped Bi2O3 demonstrated increasing absorption with increasing the concentration of the dopant . The measured energy gap value for undoped Bi2O3 was 3.04 eV. Increasing the concentration of the antimony dopant led to a decrease in the energy gap value (from 3.04 to 2.48 eV). Undoped bismuth oxide and 9% Sb doped bismuth oxide were deposited on porous silicon, as it is used in solar cell manufacturing. The solar cell features were evaluated.

The Ripple Effect of Plastic Pollution: Environmental and Public Health Perspectives: A review

Maida H. Saleem, Basma J. Ahmed, Nebras M. Jamel — Mon, 16 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0200

Plastic pollution is a major issue of the current century. This waste is found in seas, freshwater, lakes, rivers, coastal areas, and soil. In this article, this article discusses the various sources of plastic pollution, including the manufacturing process of plastics and the addition of materials to improve their properties, as well as the use of single-use plastics that are not recyclable, in addition to burning and illegal waste disposal in the open. The impact on public health is through human exposure to toxins from plastics in the environment directly through inhaling dust and fumes, consuming contaminated food and drink, and skin contact. Indirectly, when marine creatures consume microplastics, they will find their way into our diet. Recycling plastic waste and using bioplastics is one solution to alleviate this problem, but consideration must be given to reducing overall plastic consumption.

Real-time Monitoring, Fall Detection, and Emergency Notification IoT-Based System for COVID-19 Patients Using Biomedical and Environmental Sensors

Rawnaq Maher Afram — Mon, 16 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0200

Many patients, particularly the elderly, disabled individuals, those infected with COVID-19, and people living in isolation, require immediate care to prevent life-threatening situations in medical environments. Real-time monitoring ensures safe patient surveillance, enabling quick responses to emergencies. This paper presents the design and implementation of a real-time monitoring system that utilizes Arduino, mobile phone devices, and IoT-enabled biomedical and environmental sensors to measure heart rate, SpO2, body temperature, air quality, humidity, and detect falls. Wireless communication facilitates the placement of sensors anywhere, enabling real-time notifications via IoT and mobile networks. Arduino, Android Studio, and XAMPP are integrated into the proposed system’s architecture, overcoming the limitations of previous systems by providing greater flexibility, portability, and accuracy. The biomedical sensors were validated against medical-grade devices and demonstrated high accuracy. Heart rate readings showed a 98% correlation, SpO2 levels had an average error of less than 2%, and body temperature measurements deviated by only ±0.3°C compared to standard clinical thermometers. Additionally, the environmental sensors effectively monitored air quality and humidity, issuing alerts upon detecting significant deviations. When anomalies in air quality occurred, the system successfully generated emergency notifications with a 95% accuracy rate in identifying hazardous conditions.

Empowering Intelligent Systems: A Comprehensive Review of Modern Optimization Techniques and Real-World Applications

Ghada S.mohammed, Riyam M.Alsammarraie, Elaf Mohammed Abd — Mon, 16 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0200

Optimization techniques are fundamental enablers of modern intelligent systems. They are pivotal in many different applications. This paper presents a comprehensive and comparative review of key optimization algorithms—including Genetic Algorithms (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Gradient Descent, and the advanced Gaining Sharing Knowledge (GSK) model. The study critically analyses their design principles, convergence behaviour, adaptability, and parameter sensitivity. Leveraging fifty peer-reviewed real-world case studies published between 2020 and 2024, the review demonstrates how these techniques have been effectively applied across smart grid control, machine learning model tuning, intelligent healthcare, and logistics optimization. A comparative table summarizes algorithmic performance across five key dimensions, revealing practical trade-offs and domain-specific suitability. The study also identifies major challenges such as scalability, real-time adaptation, and explainability. In response, it outlines promising future directions including hybrid adaptive frameworks, quantum-inspired search strategies, and context-aware intelligent optimization. This review aims to guide researchers and practitioners in selecting, adapting, and deploying robust optimization strategies aligned with the complex demands of next-generation intelligent environments.

Artificial Intelligence and Digital Transformation in Iraq: Strategic Integration Framework

Ghada S.mohammed, Riyam M.Alsammarraie — Mon, 16 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0200

This study examines the strategic role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in accelerating Iraq’s digital transformation, particularly within the public sector. It adopts a hybrid analytical methodology, combining SWOT and PESTEL frameworks, regional benchmarking, and a sector-specific case studies from different domains. The findings reveal untapped national potential, hindered by infrastructural and legislative gaps, yet propelled by political support and growing academic interest. The study presents an executable roadmap tailored to Iraq’s institutional realities, offering a practical model that positions Iraq to become a regional hub for AI innovation by 2030.

The Relationship Between the Immunological Markers and the Effects of Ascorbic Acid in Patients with Celiac Disease

Hind Jaber Hassoon, Shrooq Ali Hussein, Yasir W. Issa, Muhammed Mizher Radhi — Mon, 16 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0200

Background: Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten ingestion, resulting in intestinal inflammation, villous atrophy, and systemic complications. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is a potent antioxidant that may help mitigate oxidative damage and modulate immune responses in CD.

Aims of the study: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ascorbic acid on immunological markers in CD patients.

Materials and Methods; A total of 36 blood samples from CD patients and 50 healthy controls were analyzed. Immunological markers, including anti-gliadin antibodies IgA and IgG (AGA-IgA, IgG) and anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA and IgG (tTG-IgA, IgG), were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Redox activity was assessed pre- and post- Blood treatment with ascorbic acid using cyclic voltammetry.

Results: CD patients exhibited significantly higher levels of AGA-IgG (149.13 ± 58.40 pg/mL vs. 4.41 ± 3.87 pg/mL, p ≤ 0.0001), AGA-IgA (107.89 ± 83.18 pg/mL vs. 4.53 ± 4.22 pg/mL, p ≤ 0.0001), tTG-IgG (96.81 ± 84.76 pg/mL vs. 2.60 ± 3.02 pg/mL, p ≤ 0.0001), and tTG-IgA (139.22 ± 74.36 pg/mL vs. 3.52 ± 2.97 pg/mL, p ≤ 0.0001) compared to controls. ROC analysis confirmed high diagnostic accuracy of AGA and tTG markers (AUC ≥ 0.95). Correlation analysis demonstrated that ascorbic acid modulates redox activity and immune responses in CD patients.

Conclusions: This study highlights ability to reduce oxidative stress of ascorbic acid in CD and stabilize immune responses. Further research is warranted to establish ascorbic acid’s clinical application in CD management.